The costing terminology of C.I.M.A ., London defines costing as the “the techniques and
processes of ascertaining costs”. These techniques consist of principles and rules which govern the
procedure of ascertaining cost of products or services. The techniques to be followed for the
analysis of expenses and the processes by which such an analysis should be related to different
products or services differ from industry to industry. These techniques are also dynamic and they
change with time.
The main object of traditional cost accounts is the analysis of financial records, so as to
subdivide expenditure and to allocate it carefully to selected cost centers, and hence to build up a
total cost for the departments, processes or jobs or contracts of the undertaking. The extent to which
the analysis of expenditure should be carried will depend upon the nature of business and degree of
accuracy desired. The other important objective of costing are cost control and cost reduction.
Cost Accounting may be regarded as “a specialized branch of accounting which involves
classification, accumulation, assignment and control of costs.” The costing terminology of C.I.M.A,
London defines cost accounting as “the process of accounting for costs from the point at which
expenditure is incurred or committed to the establishment of its ultimate relationship with cost
centers and cost units. In its widest usage, it embraces the preparation of statistical data, the
application of cost control methods and the ascertainment of profitability of activities carried out or
planned”.
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